Thursday, February 19, 2009

HyperText Markup Language (HTML)

HTML (the document formatting language used to design most Web pages)

The HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is a system for marking up, or tagging, a document so that it can be published on the Web. HTML defines what is generally transmitted between nodes in the network. It is a simple, yet powerful , platform-independent document language (Berners-Lee and Connolly, 1993). HTML was originally developed by Tim Berners-Lee while at CERN but was standardized in November 1995 as the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) RFC 1866, commonly referred to as HTML version 2. the language has evolved and the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) currently recommends use of HTML 4.01, which has mechanisms for frames, style sheets, scripting and embedded objects (W3C, 1999). In early 2000, W3C produced XHTML 1.0 (eXtensible HyperText Markup Language) as a reformulation of HTML 4 in XML (eXtensible Markup Language) (W3C, 2000).

HTML has been developed with the intention that various types of devices should be able to use information an the Web : PCs with graphics displays of varying resolution and color depths, cellular telephones, hand-held devices, devices for speech for input and output, and so on.

HTML is an application of the Standardized Generalized Markup Language (SGML), a system for defining structured document types and markup languages to represent instances of those document types (ISO, 1986). HTML is one such markup language.

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